Hakkers, J. (Jarno) (2019) The influence of smoking habits on the Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area (PISA) in patients with periodontitis: a retrospective case-control data analysis study. thesis, Dentistry.
Full text available on request.Abstract
Background: Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease that negatively influences overall health. Presence of periodontitis is diagnosed using clinical and radiographic parameters. The “Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area” (PISA) quantifies the surface area of inflamed periodontal tissue and could define the inflammatory burden. This may aid the clinician in explaining patients how periodontitis could influence the severity of the disease. In addition, the “Periodontal Epithelial Surface Area” (PESA) reflects the total epithelial (pocket) surface. The PISA and the PESA can be calculated using parameters like probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP). Since smoking is known to decrease microvasculature in the gingiva, the PISA score might be underestimated in smokers. Such an underestimation of the severity of periodontitis by smoking would manifest itself in a decreased PISA and PISA/PESA-ratio. Aim: The aim is to study the effect of periodontal nonsurgical treatment on the PISA, the BOP, the PESA and PISA/PESA-ratio in both smokers and non-smokers. Materials and methods: Data from patients visiting De Parodontoloog (referral clinic for periodontology in Groningen, The Netherlands) have been used. Clinical parameters of patients diagnosed with periodontitis were retrieved from periodontal charts before and after nonsurgical treatment in both smokers and non-smokers. The BOP, PISA, PESA and the PISA/PESA ratio were determined. Results: Data from 176 patients (47 smoking, 129 non-smoking) have been retrieved. The results showed a difference between smokers and non-smokers considering the BOP (p=0,046) and the PISA (p=0,036), before and after nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Apart from smoking, the results showed that periodontal nonsurgical treatment has a positive effect on the PESA (p=0,000). This was also the case for the PISA/PESA-ratio (p=0,000). Conclusion: Smoking seems to have a negative influence on the success of periodontal nonsurgical treatment for the PISA and the BOP. This means that clinicians should take caution in using these parameters in smokers. Both groups separately showed a significant reduction in PESA and PISA/PESA-ratio.
| Item Type: | Thesis (UNSPECIFIED) |
|---|---|
| Supervisor name: | Tjakkes, dr. G.H.E. |
| Faculty: | Medical Sciences |
| Date Deposited: | 23 Nov 2021 13:48 |
| Last Modified: | 23 Nov 2021 13:48 |
| URI: | https://umcg.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/2843 |
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