Bolte, L. (Laura) (2018) The therapeutic potential of diet: Elucidating a diet for the gut ecosystem. thesis, Medicine.
Full text available on request.Abstract
Background: Gut microbiota are essential for intestinal health. As microbes thrive on dietary substrates, the question arises whether we can nourish a protective gut flora. While there is increasing interest in anti-inflammatory capacities of isolated nutrients, little is known on the association between dietary patterns or individual foods and gut microbial features. Here, the effect of 160 dietary factors on the gut microbiome is investigated across four cohorts, comprising the general population, patients with Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and irritable bowel syndrome. Methods: For every participant one stool sample was collected along with a Food Frequency Questionnaire. To reconstruct the microbiome composition of stool samples, microbial DNA was isolated and shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed. Cluster analyses were performed to identify dietary patterns associated with groups of bacteria. Next, linear models were conducted between individual foods and microbial species and pathways. Analyses were performed separately per cohort, followed by a meta-analysis and heterogeneity estimation. Results: Overall, 61 dietary factors were associated with 123 taxa and 249 pathways. A plantbased, Mediterranean diet was associated with increased short chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing bacteria including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia hominis, and bacterial fermentation pathways. Animal protein showed inverse effects. Conclusion: Specific foods can induce gut bacteria with functions that are known to infer mucosal protection and anti-inflammatory effects. A decrease in these bacteria has already been associated with IBS and IBD. Based on the diet-microbiome relations, we can construct more rational dietary interventions to treat and prevent gastrointestinal disease.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Thesis) |
|---|---|
| Supervisor name: | Weersma, Prof dr and University Medical Center Groningen and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Department of Genetics |
| Faculty: | Medical Sciences |
| Date Deposited: | 25 Jun 2020 10:57 |
| Last Modified: | 25 Jun 2020 10:57 |
| URI: | https://umcg.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/1790 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |