Meijer, E.S.M. (2024) INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR CYCLOPS SYNDROME: DEVELOPMENT OF CYCLOPS SYNDROME PARTLY PREDICTABLE BASED ON THREE RISK FACTORS A retrospective nested case-control study. thesis, Medicine.
Full text available on request.Abstract
Objective: Cyclops syndrome after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) results in terminal extension deficits. It is detected on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and indicates re-surgery. Hypothetically, anatomical position and graft thickness for ACL-R are critical factors in developing Cyclops syndrome. This study aims to investigate the incidence and risk factors for developing Cyclops syndrome after patients underwent ACL-R. Methods: A single-center retrospective nested case-control study was performed and conducted at the Dutch Hospital, Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) Enschede. The study included all patients who underwent primary ACL-R between January 2017 and July 2023. Patients with underlying musculoskeletal conditions or previous surgery to the affected knee were excluded. Demographic data, intraoperative findings, and postoperative outcomes were recorded. Those patients who underwent re-surgery for Cyclops syndrome were evaluated for potential risk factors in multivariate analysis. Results: Thirty-six Cyclops syndrome patients and 128 controls without Cyclops syndrome were included. Regression analysis showed an extension deficit at three months postoperative had a higher risk for Cyclops syndrome than patients without extension deficit (OR= 5.63, CI 2.3-13.6, p = <0.001), as well for partial ACL rupture after ACL-R (OR= 2.51, CI 1.0-6.3, p = 0.052). Anterior tibial tunnel position was also associated with Cyclops syndrome (p=0.008). Conclusion: Extension deficit three months postoperative, partial rupture of the ACL after ACL-R, and anterior tibial tunnel position are risk factors for developing Cyclops syndrome after ACL-R. Keywords: Cyclops syndrome; ACL-R; Incidence; Risk factors
| Item Type: | Thesis (UNSPECIFIED) |
|---|---|
| Supervisor name: | Govaert, Drs. L.H.M. and Schroder, Dr. F.F. and Palen, Prof. Dr. J. van der |
| Faculty: | Medical Sciences |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Nov 2025 13:57 |
| Last Modified: | 10 Nov 2025 13:57 |
| URI: | https://umcg.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/3847 |
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