Mirzad, Ali (2022) Facial mimics of the aging face. thesis, Dentistry.
Full text available on request.Abstract
With an increase in exposure to beauty ideals, predominantly through social media channels, aesthetic facial procedures have been rising in popularity. Women in particular more often seek plastic surgery than men. Most notably, this applies to procedures related to the centrofacial area, as these are found to have the strongest effect on rejuvenating the face. It is currently not clear what the specific effects of age and gender are on facial features that change with aging (i.e., the eyebrows and mouth). To gain a better understanding of these effects, the current study evaluated the effects of gender and age on eyebrow position, width of the mouth, and the perioral and periorbital muscles. It was expected that men and women have similar eyebrow positions, eyebrow movement, and mouth movement. Age was expected to have a negative association with mean brow position, maximum eyebrow movement, and maximum mouth movement. Using an empirical observational individual-focused study, morphometric analyses were conducted to attempt to validate these hypotheses. Two en-profile and four portrait photos were taken of 313 Caucasian participants in order to assess the distances between their facial features at rest and when contracting muscles. These photos were analyzed using the Iconico digital screen caliper. To test whether gender has an effect on the eyebrow position, width of the mouth and the perioral and periorbital muscles, three between-subjects t-tests were performed. To analyse the effects of age, several regression models were tested, in which gender was included as a moderator if there was a significant effect of gender. Results indicate a difference between men and women in their score on maximum eyebrow movement, where men are more mobile. Additionally, the lateral and central eyebrow positions are, on average, higher for women. Age appeared to be a strong predictor, as older participants had a smaller range of mouth movement. Moreover, age is positively associated with the medial and central eyebrow position. The medial and central eyebrow movements increased with age for women, but not for men. While previous research has not found any gender-specific effects of age on eyebrow movement, the current study shows that there is in fact a relationship. Future research can show whether this differs between different ethnicities and age cohorts, in order to better decide the appropriate aesthetic facial procedure.
| Item Type: | Thesis (UNSPECIFIED) |
|---|---|
| Supervisor name: | van der Lei, Prof. dr. B. and Gülbitti, drs. H. A. |
| Faculty: | Medical Sciences |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Mar 2023 13:08 |
| Last Modified: | 10 Mar 2023 13:18 |
| URI: | https://umcg.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/3451 |
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