Verheij, C.T.M. (Chiara) (2020) External, internal and experienced workload of adolescents during physical education: Mutual relations and the role of individual and environmental characteristics. thesis, Sport Sciences.
Full text available on request.Abstract
Introduction: Physical education (PE) has the potential to contribute considerably to physical activity (PA) levels of adolescents. However, the PA intensity levels during PE are unclear, especially those of internal workload. Moreover, relations between external, internal and experienced workload are not yet fully known. This study aims to investigate the intensity of PA in adolescents in terms of external, internal and experienced workload during two types of PE lessons, to examine the associations between these workloads and to explore the influence of individual and environmental characteristics on these workloads. Methods: Data of 213 adolescents gathered from 12 secondary school classes were used. Each class performed one Team Games and one Boot Camp lesson. External workload was measured with accelerometry and internal workload with heart rate. Both were evaluated as moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Experienced workload was evaluated as a percentage score of the Pictorial Children's Effort Rating Table. Relations between external, internal and experienced workload were examined with Pearson’s correlations. Effects of individual (physical fitness (PF)) and environmental (movement space) characteristics on workload were explored with multilevel regression analysis accounting for differences between schools and classes. Results: Differences between Boot Camp (53.7% ± 21.7) and Team Games (49.1% ± 23.6) were found for internal (t=-2.250, p<0.05) but not for external workload. Also, experienced workload (t=-11.096, p<0.001) differed between Boot Camp (46.2% ± 23.0) and Team Games (25.3% ± 20.3). A moderate relation (r=0.450, p<0.001) was found between external and internal workload during Team Games. Other relations were weak or not significant. During Boot Camp, muscular PF (MSF) was related to external workload (β=0.117, p<0.05) and cardiorespiratory PF (CRF) and MSF were related to experienced workload (β=-.365, p<0.01; β=-.181, p<0.05). During Team Games, CRF was related to internal workload (β=-.407, p<0.01) and to experienced workload (β=-.407, p<0.01). Movement space was related to external (β=0.332, p<0.01), internal (β=0.368, p<0.001) and experienced (β=0.335, p<0.001) workload. Conclusion: Boot Camp resulted in higher internal and experienced workload compared to Team Games, with no differences in external workload. Moderate relations were only found between external and internal workload during Team Games. Therefore, the complementary use of workload measures is warranted. However, measures of internal workload might be most relevant as the internal workload determines the actual outcome of PE. When designing PE lessons, one should keep the different types of workload in mind including the effects of PF and movement space for the different types of lessons to increase PA levels for all adolescents. Keywords: Adolescence; Physical Activity Intensity; Physical Education; Physical Fitness
| Item Type: | Thesis (UNSPECIFIED) |
|---|---|
| Supervisor name: | Haverkamp, dr. B.F. and Hartman, dr. E. |
| Faculty: | Medical Sciences |
| Date Deposited: | 20 May 2022 09:56 |
| Last Modified: | 20 May 2022 09:56 |
| URI: | https://umcg.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/3384 |
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